High Figure‐of‐Merit Gallium Oxide UV Photodetector on Silicon by Molecular Beam Epitaxy: A Path toward Monolithic Integration

Abstract

A high figure-of-merit UV-C solar-blind photodetector (PD) fabricated from thinfilm beta-gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) grown on n-Si substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy is demonstrated. Film growth sequences for nucleation of Ga2O3 on (100)- and (111)-oriented Si substrates are developed, and the influence of crucial growth parameters is systematically investigated, namely, substrate temperature, oxygen flow rate, and plasma power on the functional properties of the PDs. The PDs show an ultra-high responsivity of 837 AW1 and a fast ON/OFF time below 4ms at 5 V. In addition, they display strong rectifying properties and a sharp cutoff below 280 nm with the average responsivities between 10 and 80 AW1, a detectivity on the order of 1010 Jones, and rise/fall times between 4 and 500 ms. High photoconductive gain is likely to be due to the mid-bandgap donor/acceptor defect levels, including oxygen vacancies in the form of self-trapped holes. It is demonstrated that these defect levels can be modified by controlling the growth conditions, thereby allowing for tailoring of the PD characteristics for specific applications. The methodology represents a cost-effective solution over homoepitaxial approaches, with characteristics that meet or exceed those reported previously, offering new possibilities for on-wafer integration with Si opto-electronics.