Detection of atoms and molecules by Raman scattering and resonance fluorescence

Abstract

This chapter describes Raman scattering and resonance fluorescence techniques for the remote detection of atoms and molecules. Section 5.1 distinguishes between the fundamental processes involved in the several possible scattering mechanisms and fluorescence, and contains tabulations of theoretical and experimental values of the relevant parameters. The concepts and requirements for operational laser radar systems are described in Section 5.2, which also contains a discussion of propagation effects and several techniques for the remote monitoring of atmospheric temperature. Section 5.3 outlines in detail actual laser radar systems which have been used for remote sensing of atoms and molecules, not only as major components in the ordinary atmosphere, but as trace contaminants in polluted air. Some experimental work on remote temperature monitoring is also mentioned. Section 5.4 discusses the sensitivity of Raman scattering and resonance fluorescence systems, their limitations and extent of applicability, for a wide range of applications, from ground-based to satellite systems. Different signal processing schemes are considered, as well as eye-safety requirements.