Part-Time Employment in the Breadwinner Era: Dutch Employers' Initiatives to Control Female Labor Force Participation, 1945-1970

Abstract

In the 1950s, part-time work gradually became an element of labor policy to activate women to participate in the labor market that could be transferred from one country to another. Support of part-time employment in the Dutch labor market, however, was initially not endorsed as a solution to the problem of low female labor force participation but was the outcome of a more complex set of deliberations, in which the moral economy of employers' organizations conflicted with broader demands for increased productivity. The article contrasts the initial concerns of Dutch employers about increasing women's labor force participation with the country's later international role in advocating part-time work for married women on an international scale. The Netherlands thereby serves as a case study of how employers' organizations instrumentalized part-time employment for their own moral economy based in the breadwinner ideology.