La fibrose du tissu adipeux

  • Marcelin G
  • Clément K
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Abstract

Dans des conditions obésogènes, l’expansion du tissu adipeux (TA) correspond à une réponse physiologique nécessaire au stockage du surplus énergétique. Cependant, la chronicisation de l’obésité conduit à un remodelage pathologique du TA, incluant un épaississement de la matrice extracellulaire caractéristique d’un état fibrotique. Ces modifications du TA affectent localement ses fonctions endocrines et de stockage. Elles contribuent ensuite aux altérations des dialogues inter-organes. D’autres organes comme le foie et les muscles vont aussi voir leur biologie perturbée. La compréhension des mécanismes à l’origine du remodelage pathologique du TA et de ses conséquences sur les comorbidités de l’obésité permettrait de développer de nouvelles stratégies de traitement pour ces pathologies complexes.Obesity can be defined as the adaptive response of organism facing chronic nutrient overflow. In this context, the adipose tissue (AT) can expand, through increased adipocyte size and number, to function as the main energy-storing organ. However, over the course of obesity progression, the AT undergo continual remodeling, evolving into pathological alterations. It is now clear that pro-inflammatory cell accumulation favors local AT injury. More recently, we and others described excess levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) and fibrosis in AT depots from obese individuals. In obese mice, targeting ECM-remodeling improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Therefore AT fibrosis represents a maladaptive mechanism contributing to obesity-related metabolic complications such as diabetes, cardiometabolic and liver diseases. Here, we review the current knowledge about obesity-induced adipose tissue remodeling and its local and systemic consequences.

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APA

Marcelin, G., & Clément, K. (2018). La fibrose du tissu adipeux. Médecine/Sciences, 34(5), 424–431. https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20183405015

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