Carbon Dioxide Utilization to Energy and Fuel: Hydrothermal CO2 Conversion

Abstract

CO2 reduction has gained great attention due to its effects on climate changes, ecological environment, and human health. In addition to these, finding an alternative energy source to the non-renewable fossil fuels has been a crucial topic. For greenhouse gas control and supplanting fossil fuel, one promising technique is to transform CO2 into fine chemicals, building materials, energy, and fuels using different reductants. Metals, catalysts, organic wastes, inorganic wastes, and biomass were used as reductant and converted CO2 to alkanes, formic acid, methanol, phenol, syngas, and ethylene glycol. This chapter briefly surveys the reduction, conversion, and utilization of the CO2 with these reductants through the hydrothermal method. The obtained high-temperature water treats as both a reaction ambient and a cheap hydrogen resource and gained economical and practical advantages in hydrothermal CO2 conversion.