Animal Models of Choroidal Neovascularization

Abstract

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a pathological condition in which proliferating choroidal blood vessels grow through Bruch's membrane, penetrate the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and extend into the subretinal space. There, the blood vessels leak fluid, ultimately leading to serous retinal detachment. CNV associated with the wet form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the major cause of vision loss in the elderly. However, in spite of its prevalence, relatively little is known concerning the pathogenesis of CNV. In order to better understand this disease process and explore therapies to treat it, several experimental animal models of CNV have been developed. The most widely used of these models is laser-induced CNV in primates and rodents, but several knockout and transgenic mouse models exist as well. The aim of this chapter is to explore the historical background and significance of these animal models of CNV.