The predictive value of Approach and Avoidance tendencies on the onset and course of depression and anxiety disorders

Abstract

Background: Trait and automatic approach-avoidance (AA) tendencies are central concepts in research on affective disorders. We longitudinally examined the associations of trait and automatic AA tendencies with the risk of onset and chronicity of anxiety and depressive disorders. Methods: Participants were subdivided into those with (n = 766) versus without (n = 1,636) a current anxiety or depression diagnosis at baseline. Clinical diagnoses were reassessed after 2-year follow-up. Automatic AA tendencies in reaction to facial expressions were assessed using the Approach-Avoidance Task, whereas self-reported trait AA tendencies were assessed using the Behavioral Inhibition System and the Behavioral Activation System scales. Analyses were adjusted for socio-demographics (basic adjustment) and for severity and history of psychopathology (full adjustment). Results: Stronger trait avoidance tendencies predicted both increased risk of onset and increased risk of a chronic course of anxiety disorders after full adjustment (Odds ratioonset= 1.55, P