Laser Multi-Pass Narrow-Gap Welding – A Promising Technology for Joining Thick-Walled Components of Future Power Plants

Abstract

Today, the average worldwide efficiency of coal-fired power plants stands at about 33 percent. The consistent use of state of the art technologies would enable an increase of the average efficiency of up to 47 percent and thus a sharp reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The importance of improvements in this field becomes apparent when reviewing e.g. plans in Europe in 2017 for new power plants to be built across the continent. About 44 percent of the envisaged 153 gigawatts are still to be generated by fossil-fuel power plants [1]. One technical solution is to increase the steam turbine inlet temperature to 700°C. This, however, requires the use of nickel-based superalloys. Only these alloys satisfy all the requirements with regard to high-temperature, corrosion and oxidation resistance and creep behavior [2], [3]. Due to their relatively poor machinability, forgeability and high material costs compared to the steel-based alloys they are to replace, a more effective welding technology is needed to overcome the disadvantages of conventional welding technologies, i.e. large quantities of filler metal required and high energy input per unit length resulting in distortion and the potential reduction of high-temperature properties.