Proposed Procedure to Improve Performance of an Artificial Pancreas and Pancreas Transplant: Review

Abstract

Diabetes is a lifelong condition with no cure. Diabetes has a serious effect on the patient, especially pregnant women that may cause problems, whether overdose or low of the insulin in the blood stream. The patient must use insulin whether by pumping as in the artificial pancreas (closed loop) or by injecting insulin manual (opened loop). However, every method has its own advantages and disadvantages, e.g. the opened loop system for artificial pancreas may have a risk during the night when the patient sleep. On the other hand, the closed loop can administer insulin and glucose at the right time with the right amount. However, the artificial pancreas is not available yet and it required more improvement to be reliable. The algorithm of artificial pancreas consists of measuring glucose in the blood of a patient by using glucose sensor and sends a signal to an insulin pump to adjust basal insulin rated according to the desired amount of insulin that the patient need. This procedure required devices with the patient; however, some patient may be advised to have a pancreas transplant. This paper reviews the current publication of an artificial pancreas and proposed a method to improve the control of an artificial pancreas. History of diabetes is described in this paper with a critical review of current studies. Also, it has tested pre-diabetes for pregnant women. The obtain results show that in breakfast the sugar level is increased high with random changing, hence based on the test, some foods should be ignored in breakfast, while other food recommended.