Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients

Abstract

The only breast cancer (BC) subtype without targeted therapies is triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which makes for 15–20% of incident breast cancers. TNBC is HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) negative using clinical tests, and immunostaining reveals a negligible (1%) expression of ER and PR. It has the most dismal prognosis of all BC subtypes due to its biologically aggressive tumor, which is characterized by moderate/high grade and highly proliferating cancer cells. Although invasive ductal carcinoma is the most frequent presentation of TNBC, there are specific TNBC histologies that require special attention due to differing biology and prognosis. Patients with operable illness are increasingly receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which was formerly reserved for patients with locally progressed or inflamed breast cancer, notably in TNBC patients. More people can have breast-conserving surgery (BCS) thanks to this therapeutic strategy, which also assesses how well it is working. An important prognostic factor with positive long-term results is achieving a pathological complete response (pCR). A higher pCR rate is related to the delivery of NACT regimens with platinum salts. However, at the expense of confusing treatment recommendations there is higher incidence of negative outcomes. Improvements in pathologic complete response rates and patient outcomes in the neoadjuvant setting are the main topics of clinical research.