Do Perceptions of Cognitive Changes Matter in Self-Management Behaviors Among Persons With Mild Cognitive Impairment?

Abstract

Background and Objectives: This secondary analysis examined (a) the association between illness perceptions (perceived understanding and cause of mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) and self-management behaviors for cognitive health, and (b) whether sociodemographic and clinical factors moderate such relationships among persons with MCI. Research Design and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 85 participants using baseline data from the Return of Amyloid Imaging Scan Results Study. The coherence and causality subscales of the Revised Illness Perceptions Questionnaires were used. Self-management behaviors (dietary changes, physical activity, mental activities, dietary supplements) were assessed using the Risk Evaluation and Education for ALzheimer's disease health behavior measure. Sociodemographic and clinical information was extracted from patients' medical records. We performed hierarchical linear regression and binary logistic regression. Results: We found no main effects for illness perceptions and self-management of cognitive health. Interaction effects were detected, including (a) coherence and age on the total number of self-management behaviors (b = 0.01, p =. 04) and on physical activity (p =. 04, odds ratio [OR] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-1.03), (b) causality and age on dietary supplements (p =. 03, OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.02-1.67), and (c) causality and education on mental activities (p =. 02, OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.22-0.88). Discussion and Implications: Findings suggest that age and education moderate the relationship between illness perceptions and self-management behaviors. Health care professionals should consider subjective perceptions about MCI in light of sociodemographic and clinical factors when discussing cognitive health self-management.