Initial overcorrection after surgery for intermittent exotropia in children less than 4 years old: Comparison with older children

Abstract

Purpose While initial overcorrection after exotropia-correcting surgery is widely accepted for a favorable long-term outcome, some have not advocated such overcorrection in younger children owing to concerns regarding rapid deterioration of bifixation ability. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between initial overcorrection after intermittent exotropia surgery and the surgical outcome in patients aged <4 years. Methods In this retrospective study, 391 patients who had undergone surgery for intermittent exotropia were classified into two groups according to the age at surgery: <4 years old (group Y [young], 130 patients) and 4-16 years old (group O [old], 261). The patients were subdivided into three groups according to the angle of deviation at postoperative 1 week: esophoria-tropia (ET) ≥10 prism diopters (PD) (subgroup I), ET 1-9 PD (II), and orthotropia or exophoria-tropia (XT) (III). We compared the surgical outcomes between the two groups and among subgroups; then, we analyzed consecutive esotropia patients. Results The mean exodeviation was smaller in the order of subgroup I, II, and III at every postoperative visit (p<0.05) in group Y but showed no difference among subgroups after 2 years in group O. Consecutive esotropia occurred at 1 month, postoperatively, in 6.9% and 2.6% of the patients in groups Y and O (p = 0.133), respectively. However, it persisted in two and one patient in groups Y and O, respectively, until the last visit. Conclusion Early overcorrection after intermittent exotropia surgery was a safe and desirable result in terms of motor outcome in children aged under 4 years, as well as for children aged between 4-16 years.