Electrocardiographic differences between COPD patients evaluated for lung transplantation with and without pulmonary hypertension

Abstract

Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an indicator of poor prognosis in COPD patients; particularly in those with mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 40 mm Hg. Electrocardiography (ECG) might be useful for screening of this condition. Methods: Retrospective study of COPD patients evaluated for lung transplantation in whom we analyzed the 12-lead ECG performed closest to the time of right heart catheterization. Results: We included 142 patients. PH was present in 90 patients (63 %) and 16 (11%) had a mean PAP ≥ 40 mmHg. The PR interval was longer in PH patients (151 (29) versus 139 (22) ms, p = 0.01) and T wave axis had a left shift (56.9 (32) versus 68.7 (19) degrees, p = 0.006). PR interval was longer (178.5 (35) versus 142.2 (23) ms, p = 0.001), T wave axis had a leftward deflection (63.6 (24) versus 42.8 (46) degrees, p = 0.005) and S wave in lead I was larger (0.19 (0.13) versus 0.12 (0.12) mV, p = 0.03) in patients with mean PAP ≥ 40 mmHg. A PR interval > 137 ms and S wave in DI > 0.02 mV had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 59.5% to identify COPD patients with a mean PAP ≥ 40 mmHg. Conclusion: There are significant ECG differences between advanced COPD patients with and without PH; however the ECG is an inadequate tool to differentiate between the groups. A prolonged PR interval suggests the presence of severe PH.