Spinal arteriovenous malformation

Abstract

Spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) are rare but treatable lesions amongst various spinal cord pathologies and constitute 3 - 4% of all spinal cord space occupying lesions [1]. The significant differences in various types of spinal AVMs lead to complexity to their management. A substantial advancement in the imaging technology and in super-selective spinal digital subtraction angiography has generated considerable success in the diagnosis and management of these rare lesions. The rarity and complexities of this entity has led to the emergence of several classifications and therapeutic modalities. Their management depends mainly on understanding the type of spinal AVM present and the exact pathophysiological factor responsible for the neurological deficit. The arterial and venous drainage of spinal cord is complex and a clear understanding of the anatomical substrates involved is the key to the successfully management of these complex lesions.