System Approach

Abstract

A system consists of several components or subsystems which depend on each other. A system is defined as a unified whole or set of interrelated and interacting elements/ components. A system processes input into outputs. Therefore, each system processes input into outputs. Therefore, each system consists of boundaries, components, interactions between components, inputs and outputs. "systems " from the Greek word "synistanai, " means "to bring together or combine." "systems approach" have been used to manage armies and governments for millennia. After the Industrial Revolution of the 19th and 20th centuries formal recognition of the "systems" approach to management, philosophy, and science emerged (Whitehead 1925, von Bertalanffy philosophy, and science emerged (Whitehead 1925, von Bertalanffy 1968). As the level of precision and efficiency of technology, science, and management increased the complexity of industrial processes, it became increasingly necessary to develop a conceptual basis to avoid being overwhelmed by complexity. The systems approach emerged as scientists and philosophers identified common themes in the approach to manage and organize complex systems.