Interplays between gut microbiota and gene expression regulation by miRNAs: Towards a symbiotic vision of host and guest

Abstract

Increasing evidences have emphasized the importance of gut microbiota and integrity of the intestinal epithelium to avoid the occurrence of many diseases. Recently, microRNAs have emerged as important gene expression regulators in many conditions. A dysregulated microRNA expression is a common feature of various human diseases, such as cancer, developmental abnormalities, muscular and cardiovascular disorders, and inflammatory diseases. Moreover, exosomal microRNAs have been recently reported to have a crucial role in modulating the bacterial gene expression. So far, the interplays between microRNAs expression and gut microbiota modulation have not been explored in details. To provide further insights into this interesting relationship, in this chapter we discussed some papers appeared in the literature in the last few years.