Label-free real-time optical monitoring of DNA hybridization using SiN Mach–Zehnder interferometer-based integrated biosensing platform

Abstract

We report on the label-free real-time optical monitoring of DNA hybridization upon exposure to a flow of complementary DNA at different concentrations. The biosensor is composed of a silicon nitride integrated unbalanced Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), with an integrated arrayed waveguide grating as a spectral filter. This MZI has been shown to have both sufficient multiplexing capability and limit of detection on the order of 10  −  6 RIU. Probe DNA, consisting of a 36-mer fragment is covalently immobilized on the silicon nitride integrated biosensor. The wavelength shift is monitored upon complementary DNA targets being flown over the sensor. Concentrations of 1 pM can be easily detected. Also, an alternative route to modify the sensor surface with carboxylic groups using the photochemical reaction of fatty acids is proposed and preliminary XPS results are presented. Moreover, preliminary results for DNA obtained from a rolling circle amplification (RCA-DNA) process and spiked in a realistic amplification buffer are presented.