Multi-Faceted Role of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized from Biowaste and its in vitroAntibacterial, Antifungal and Antidiabetic Activities

Abstract

Increasing global fish production, increasing the amount of waste generated, unsafe disposal of waste tissues like head, bones, skin, scales, fins etc., into land and open water reservoirs leads to environmental pollution. The role of nanobiotechnology in biowaste management is an innovative strategy to handle environmental issues. This study synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles from prawn heads using one millimolar AgNO3 and HAuCl4. Biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDAX. The maximum absorption spectrum was monitored at 437 nm for silver and 552 for gold nanoparticles. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the resazurin assay method. MIC values obtained for the tested organisms revealed antimicrobial activities. P aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, showed MIC at 15.6 µg for silver nanoparticles, and A. niger, A.flavus and C.albicans showed MIC at 125 µg for gold nanoparticles synthesized from the prawn head extract. IC50 values of α-amylase activity were found to be 296 and 356 µg/ml for the silver and gold nanoparticles, respectively. IC50 values are about 705 and 2475 µg/ml for the silver and gold nanoparticles, respectively, in α-glucosidase activity. Conclusively silver and gold nanoparticles synthesized from prawn head extract (PHE) showed antibacterial, antifungal, and antidiabetic activities.