Paracetamol degradation by photo-activated peroxydisulfate process (UV/PDS): kinetic study and optimization using central composite design

Abstract

In this study, peroxydisulfate (PDS) was successfully activated by UV-irradiation for the degradation of paracetamol (PCT) frequently detected in the environment. Results showed that increasing the initial PDS concentration from 5 to 20 mM promote the removal of PCT from 49.3% to 97.5% after 240 min of reaction time. As the initial PCT concentration increased from 0.066 to 0.132 mM, the degradation efficiency of PCT decreased from 98% to 73% after 240 min of reaction time, while the optimal pH was found to be 6. It is apparent that the degradation rate of PCT was favored by the lamp power regardless of the initial PCT concentration, for 0.132 mM of PCT, the degradation efficiency increased from 73% to 95% when the lamp power increased from 9 to 30 W, respectively. The kinetic of degradation of the PCT was described by a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The model obtained by central composite design led to the following optimal conditions for PCT degradation: 0.132 mM initial PCT concentration, 20 mM PDS dose, pH solution 6 and lamp power 30 W led to the removal of 92% of PCT at 25 C within 240 min of reaction time.