Spatial Analysis

Abstract

Spatial analysis deals with the use of space in the past. Such analyses are performed at two main scales: (a) intra-site level (some archaeologists argue for further differentiation within a site, defining micro and semimicro levels) and (b) inter-site or landscape level. Both analyses are concerned with finding patterns of distribution, whether of finds and features (usually at site level) or of sites and monuments. Spatial analysis at both site and inter-site level may also contribute to the elucidation of sequence. While the employment of some methods at both levels is broadly similar – e.g., GIS-based mapping or various statistical analyses, others are unique for each level. For example, GPR is more suitable for the establishment of intra-site patterns, while digital terrain modeling is more cost-effective on a landscape level. The number of methods and techniques used in spatial analyses is ever-growing and diversifying.