Factors Associated with Willingness to Call Emergency Medical Services for Worsening Symptoms of COVID-19 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ethiopian Ministry of Health has established ambulances and dispatch centers specifically designed to transport COVID-19 patients to city medical centers. Due to a lack of evidence in this area, it is critical to assess the factors that influence the willingness to call for emergency medical services. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2021 in Addis Ababa. The data were gathered through use of a pretested questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 25. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios with and without confounding variable controls, and significant associations were declared at (0.05). For the variables that show significant associations in bivariate and multivariate analyses, a 95% confidence interval is provided. Results: Three-quarters of those surveyed said they would call ambulance if they experienced worsening COVID-19 symptoms. The individual’s language was associated with the willingness to call EMS for worsening COVID-19 symptoms [AOR 0.51(95% CI: 0.28– 0.92)].; awareness of the availability of toll-free ambulance services [AOR 3.4(95% CI: 1.92–5.95)]; recalling an EMS number [AOR 4.3(95% CI: 1.71–10.67)]; ambulance crew quality of care perception [AOR 3.6(95% CI: 2.09–6.10)]; ambulance service adequacy and accessibility perception [AOR 0.25(95% CI: 0.11–0.55)]. Conclusion: The study showed significant portion of the Addis Ababa community recognized the need to call EMS due to worsening COVID-19 symptoms. The individual’s language, awareness of toll-free ambulance; ability to recall an ambulance number, perception of the ambulance crew’s quality of care and adequacy and accessibility of service in the city influence the decision to call an ambulance. The finding highlights the significance of addressing problems through various media outlet, for advocacy and public awareness. More research, including qualitative studies, is needed to investigate the factors that encourage people to seek EMS.