Microbial Production of Isoprenoids

Abstract

Isoprenoids are among the most diverse groups of compounds synthesized by biological systems; it has been estimated that there are approximately 30,000--50,000 known isoprenoids, which include the terpenoids and carotenoids. Isoprenoids are important in maintaining membrane fluidity, electron transport, protein prenylation, and cellular and organismal development and in controlling pests. Many isoprenoids have found application as fragrances and essential oils, pharmaceuticals, specialty and commodity chemicals, and most recently biofuels. To make all of these applications of isoprenoids possible, their production in microbial hosts is essential. Recently, there has been much progress in producing these complex hydrocarbons in both Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this chapter, we review recent progress in this area.