Measles

Abstract

Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by a single-stranded ribonucleic acid virus (measles virus). Fever, conjunctivitis, cough and runny nose as well as a characteristic chalky rash on the oral mucosa (Koplik spots) are the first signs of the disease. After disappearance of these symptoms, a second increase of temperature and the typical measles exanthema, a brownish-red maculopapular rash, appear. Complications of the disease can affect most organ systems, with pneumonia accounting for most measles-associated deaths. Measles is still common in some less developed regions of the world. In Germany, the incidence of measles has decreased significantly compared to the pre-vaccination period due to the vaccination that has been available since the 1970s. However, relatively high numbers of cases and regionally limited outbreaks continue to be registered. For immunoprophylaxis, a live virus vaccine given in combination with other vaccines is available. It is questionable whether the measles elimination planned for this year will succeed.