Seasonal prediction and regional climate projections for southern Africa

Abstract

Temperatures over southern Africa have been increasing rapidly over the last fi ve decades, at a rate of about twice the global rate of temperature increase. Further drastic increa ses, in the order of 6°C by the end of the century relative to the present-day climate, may occur over the central and western int erior regions under low-mitigation futures. Moreover, south- ern Africa is projected to become generally drier under low-mit igation climate change futures. Such changes will leave little room for adaptation in a region that is already characterised a s dry and hot. Impacts on crop and livestock farming may well be devastating, and signifi cant changes may occur in terms of vegetation cover in the sav annas, particularly in the presence of human-induced land degradation. Under modest to high mitigat ion, southern Africa will still experience further climate change, but amplitudes of change will be reduced, potentially l eaving more room for adaptation. Skilful seasonal forecasts may become an increasingly important adaptation tool in souther n Africa, especially when combined with a robust weather station monitoring network.