Analysis of risk factors and changes in myocardial biomarker levels in 122 cases of early neonatal anemia

Abstract

Background/aim: Anemia in the first week after birth, which could affect growth, development, and organ function, should be an important warning sign to clinicians. The aim of this study was to assess the related risk factors of early neonatal anemia and to analyze the effect of anemia on the expression levels of myocardial markers in newborns. Materials and methods: Clinical data from 122 confirmed cases of anemic newborns and 108 nonanemic newborns were collected to analyze the independent risk factors for early anemia using logistic regression analyses. Blood samples were collected from both groups for the detection of myocardial markers, including the protein marker cardiac troponin T (cTnT), as well as enzyme markers creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that preterm birth (OR: 3.589 [1.119–11.506], p < 0.05), multiple pregnancy (OR: 4.117 [1.021–16.611], p < 0.05), and abnormal placenta (OR: 4.712 [1.077–20.625], p < 0.05) were independent risk factors for early neonatal anemia. The levels of myocardial markers, including cTnT (303.1 ± 244.7 vs. 44.2 ± 55.41 ng/L), CK-MB (6.803 ± 8.971 vs. 2.5326 ± 2.927 µkat/L), and LDH (32.42 ± 35.26 vs. 19.73 ± 17.13 µkat/L), were significantly higher in the anemic group than in the nonanemic group. Conclusion: Multiple pregnancy, preterm birth, and abnormal placenta were identified as risk factors for early neonatal anemia. The occurrence of early neonatal anemia was associated with increased levels of myocardial markers.