Phase-shifted paclitaxel-loaded multifunctional contrast agent for US/MR imaging and synergistic hyperthermal/chemotherapy of metastasis in lymph nodes

Abstract

The existing approaches used to detect a tumor-induced sentinel lymph node and treat metastasis have limitations. In this study, by encapsulating perfluoropentane (PFP), magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and the chemotherapy drug paclitaxel (PTX), we fabricated novel polymer nanoparticles (NPNs) that can effectively absorb heat after irradiation by near-infrared irradiation (NIR), thereby synergistically enhancing tumor therapy via a phase-shift thermoelastic expansion effect. These NPNs can be used for dual-modal ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to treat metastasis in lymph nodes under NIR irradiation-triggered drug delivery. The enhancement of US/MR imaging proved effective in vitro and in vivo, and NIR irradiation proved valid, promoting PTX release at the target site. A lower proliferation index and density and a higher tumor cell apoptotic index in the histopathology results confirmed the effectiveness of NPN chemotherapy for lymph nodes.