High Throughput Receptor Screening Assays

Abstract

The recent technical advances in functional expression of olfactory receptors (ORolfactory receptor (OR)odorblockerenhancerchemoreceptors) make full deorphanization of human OR repertoire a realistic objective. Such a global knowledge of the precise mechanisms of odorant/receptor pairings will represent a crucial step for the development of an accurate model of how human nose perceives its chemical environment. Beyond its interest for basic science, it will also lead to the development of industrial applications such as receptor-based odorant design, development of selective odor blockers or enhancers and represents therefore an interesting opportunity for players active in the field of flavors and fragrances. Here, we will describe and discuss a high-throughput screening approach that aims at the objective of human OR mass deorphanization. However, the completion of this ambitious task is not a prerequisite to the development of commercial applications. With the expanding number of deorphanized ORs, structure–activity relationship studies on OR responding to an odorant of interest has already started. Likewise, the use of the screening approach to identify either blockers for malodor-responding ORs or positive enhancers of fine fragrance-tuned ORs is underway. These different aspects will also be discussed. Finally, beyond the human ORs, other classes of human chemoreceptors for volatiles as well as animal chemoreceptors may also represent industrial opportunities that will be briefly reviewed.