2D material-based sensing devices: an update

Abstract

In recent decades, two-dimensional materials have attracted significant attention due to their unique chemical and physical properties, which are useful for various applications. In addition to optoelectronic devices and energy harvesting and storage, 2D materials are used in many sensing applications. Two-dimensional structures have numerous attributes, such as high surface sensitivity, excellent biocompatibility, and high elasticity, making them effective as sensing devices. In this review, we aim to provide an update on the recent developments in the field of sensors fabricated using atomically thin 2D materials. A survey of different types of sensors is presented, including gas, electrochemical, biomedical, and health sensors, together with recent findings on their real-world applications. Furthermore, human body temperature monitoring, electrography, sweat detection, respiratory gas, and saliva sensors are also reviewed to assess current trends toward human chemical signal detection. Given that 2D materials encompass a vast array of novel materials, we highlight the contemporary trend in the applications of 2D materials and suggest the exciting future of the 2D family. By thoroughly addressing the fundamental aspects, recent developments, and associated challenges, our recommendation in terms of future challenges and prospects will pave the way for readers.