Cross-Border Clustering Across the Baltic Region: Relating Smart Specialization and Cluster Categories

Abstract

Clusters are complex cross-sectoral and inter-organizational formations stretching beyond the statistical limitations of industry classifications. Cluster mapping techniques often rely on core industries in defining core products or technologies acting as nucleus for bringing together the heterogeneity of economic entities. Awareness of non-synonymy between the notion of cluster and industry are essential in efficient implementation of regional development policies. Internationalization and cross-border integration of regional industries further complicates the delimitation process of clusters and brings up new challenges for smart specialization strategies. The study stresses on particular features of cross-border clusters and raises a non-trivial discussion over international division of labor in the context of regional smart specialization.