Significance of animal experimentation in biomedical research in the current era: Narrative review

Abstract

The last century has witnessed enormous advancements in the field of biomedical research. Although many factors can be attributed to this development, laboratory animals hold a significant stake in this journey. From disease modeling to finding its cure, in both academic and industry settings, animal studies are indispensable in every step currently. With the development of genetic engineering technologies, animals mimicking human conditions closely are being generated at a rapid race. However, lack of reproducibility, translation in clinical settings, and the growing objection toward morality of using animals in research has prompted the development of alternative sources as well. With advancements in computational technology and simulation-based studies, animal models are being attempted to be replaced by approaches like organs-on-chips, organoids, and artificial tissues. While most of these technologies are still in their infancy, there seems to be a long way ahead for complete replacement of animal studies by these techniques. Till then, the judicious use of animals in biomedical research seems to be the inherent part of advanced biomedical research.