CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer: differences in toxicity profiles and impact on agent choice. A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Introduction: CDK4/6 inhibitor approval for hormone-responsive breast tumors has significantly changed therapeutic algorithms, with three drugs currently approved. Areas covered: Here, we analyze the toxicity profiles of palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Palbociclib and ribociclib showed high rates of hematological toxicity, primarily neutropenia, and were associated with a low rate of severe infections. Abemaciclib was associated with a high rate of gastrointestinal toxicities, primarily diarrhea, of grade 1–2 in most cases. Ribociclib was associated with a high rate of hepatic, and respiratory toxicity and with QTc prolongation. The toxicity rate of ribociclib was higher in metastatic patients than non-metastatic patients, with approximately 33% more grade 3–4 toxicities and 21% more grade 3–4 neutropenic events. A 5% higher risk of diarrhea was observed in postmenopausal patients. Pre-treated patients did not show a higher toxicity rate for palbociclib/ribociclib than previously untreated patients, while a 26% higher risk of any grade neutropenia and 6% higher risk of grade 3–4 diarrhea were observed with abemaciclib. Expert opinion: Considering the similar efficacies and indications of palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib, the evaluation of their toxicity profiles may facilitate treatment choice.