Correction: Graphene materials as a superior platform for advanced sensing strategies against gaseous ammonia (Journal of Materials Chemistry A (2018) 6 (22391-22410) DOI: 10.1039/C8TA07669C)

Abstract

The authors regret the following errors in the original manuscript. (1) Table 1 and the related discussion contains some errors in the values presented. The corrected version of Table 1 and the corrected sentences are shown here. Page 7 (left column): These graphene sheets were further transferred onto a silica insulator to showcase a good NH3 sensing capability (detection limit (DL) of 250 ppm with 500 s response time)66 (Table 1). Page 7 (left column): In a similar approach, controlled CVD-grown graphene sheets showcased a DL of 0.5 ppm for gaseous NH3 under ambient conditions with good reversibility by desorbing the adsorbed species at 200 °C under vacuum via a hot plate (Fig. 4).39 Page 7 (left column): Interestingly, NSM graphene showcased better sensitivity and performance (DL of 1 ppm with 300 s response time) compared to double layer graphene and more stacked, few-layer types of graphene sensors (Table 1) (Fig. 5). Page 8 (left column): Ti/Gr showcased good performance (DL of 18 ppm with 150 s response time) ascribed to the catalytic synergistic effect between graphene and naturally produced TiOx 72 (Table 1). Page 8 (right column): In a similar approach, a mica-supported graphene-based detector was observed to perform well (DL of 20 ppm with 60 s response time) for gaseous NH3 sensing with an enhanced sensitivity, which can be attributed to the higher pdoping induced in the graphene framework by mica (Table 1).72,76 Page 8 (right column): The P-GNS-400 displayed good performance (DL of 1 ppm with 134 s response time) toward NH3 sensing, which may be attributed to the presence of electron rich phosphorus species (Table 1).78 Page 8 (right column): The GMHW showcased excellent performance (a DL of 0.3 ppm with a 0.4 s response time) to support the great potential of such a sensing method (Table 1).81 Page 9 (right column): A graphene/PANI nanocomposite was synthesized for effective sensing of gaseous NH3 (DL of 1 ppm with 50 s response time) (Table 1).28 Page 9 (right column): In light of these factors, GO, ZnO, and PANI were synergistically combined to obtain hybrid layer-by-layer films (PANI/GO/PANI/ZnO LbL) for effective sensing of gaseous NH3 (DL of 23 ppm with 30 s response time) (Table 1).22 Page 10 (left column): An inexpensive and highly flexible polymer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was used as a substrate to synthesize an rGO-PANI loaded hybrid gaseous NH3 sensor (a DL of 100 ppm with a 20 s response time) (Table 1).95 Page 10 (left column): The developed system demonstrated a fairly average performance compared to other sensors (a DL of 50 ppm with a 1080 s response time) (Table 1). Page 10 (left column): For sensing applications, PET was used as a substrate to fabricate graphene quantum dots (tied edge graphene sheets with a lateral size #100 nm) doped with N and S (S,N-GQD/PANI; a DL of 0.5 ppm with a 115 s response time). Page 10 (right column): Cobalt (Co(II) ion) bearing tetra-baminephthalocyanine, coupled covalently with GO, was applied for sensing gaseous NH3 with a DL of 0.8 ppm (Table 1) (Fig. 10).102 Page 10 (right column): The fluorination method was utilized to insert fluorine atoms onto the GO surface to form f-GO sensors for gaseous NH3 (DL of 100 ppm) (Table 1).45 (Table Presented) Page 10 (right column): The PEDOT-PSS GO sensors displayed relatively enhanced sensitivity but with a rather slow response (a DL of 1 ppm with a 95 s response time) in the presence of common volatile gaseous pollutants such as ethanol, methanol, propanol, acetone, and chlorobenzene107 (Table 1). Page 11 (left column): GO can be reduced chemically via a pyrrole to make rGO-based sensors with good performance and selectivity toward gaseous NH3 (a DL of 1 ppm with a 1.4 s response time) (Table 1).111 Page 11 (right column): In a similar approach, rGO nanosheets were coated onto Ag nanowires (rGO/AgNWs) to fabricate sensors for effective detection of gaseous NH3 with good stability and recovery (a DL of 15 ppm with a 60 s response time) (Table 1).114 Page 11 (right column): Tetra-a-iso-pentyloxyphthalocyanine nickel (NiPc) was synergistically combined with rGO to fabricate sensors for gaseous NH3 detection with a DL of 0.8 ppm (a response time of 200 s) (Table 1).116 Page 12 (left column): ZnO nanowires were also combined with rGO for detection of gaseous NH3 (a DL of 0.5 ppm with a 50 s response time) (Table 1).117 Page 12 (left column): Likewise, Cu2O nanorods were synergistically combined with rGO to effectively detect gaseous NH3 with good sensitivity at room temperature (a DL of 100 ppm with a 28 s response time)119 (Table 1). Page 12 (left column): Similarly, SnO2 nanorods were synergistically combined with rGO to effectively detect gaseous NH3 (a DL of 200 ppm with an 8 s response time) at room temperature with good sensitivity121 (Table 1). Page 12 (right column): Polypyrrole (PPy) was anchored on the surface of rGO nanosheets to fabricate a PPy/rGO hybrid composite sensor for gaseous NH3 detection (a DL of 1 ppm) (Table 1).23 Page 12 (right column): Poly (3-hexylthiophene) was coupled with rGO to form nanocomposite (rGO/P3HT) sensors for gaseous NH3 detection (a DL of 10 ppm with a 141 s response time) with appreciable selectivity in the presence of interfering substances like CO2, CO, SO2, and NO2 (ref. 123) (Table 1). Page 12 (right column): A ternary nanocomposite film sensor, synergistically combining Pd, SnO2, and rGO (Pd/SnO2/rGO), was developed for effective detection of gaseous NH3 (a DL of 5 ppm with a 420 s response time) (Table 1).125 Page 13 (right column): This ternary sensor showed sensing performance for gaseous NH3 (a DL of 2.4 ppm with a 184 s response time) at room temperature with great stability, sensitivity, and selectivity (Table 1).57 Page 13 (right column): This nanocomposite sensor displayed good performance for NH3 sensing (a DL of 0.05 ppm with a 50 s response time) at room temperature with good recovery (Table 1).37 Page 13 (right column): This sensor showed average detection capability for gaseous NH3 (a DL of 0.4 ppm) with good reversibility and selectivity in the presence of H2, CH4, CO, and CO2 (Fig. 14(b)) (Table 1).42 Page 14 (left column): In this regard, poly(methyl methacrylate) was coupled with rGO to form nanocomposites (PMMA/rGO) for effective detection of gaseous NH3 based on SPR technology (a DL of 10 ppm with a 60 s response time)26 (Table 1). Page 14 (right column): The lowest detection limit of 0.3 ppm was reported amongst the graphene-based systems using the GMHW and rGO/TBPOMPc37,81 (Table 1). (2) Table 2 and the related discussion contains some errors in the values presented. The corrected version of Table 2 and the corrected sentences are shown here. Page 14 (right column): For other advanced nanostructures, the lowest reported DL was 0.5 ppm for a single wall carbon nanotube-pyrene (SWCNT-pyrene) composite and silica doped CeO2 (ref. 131 and 132) (Table 2). Page 15 (left column): In this regard, PANI nanofibers were synergistically combined with WS2 nanosheets to maximize the sensitivity toward gaseous NH3 (DL of 50 ppm with 260 s response time)54 (Table 2). Page 15 (left column): However, PANI-nanofiber/WS2 nanosheets displayed poor performance under similar conditions compared to graphene/PANI composites (a DL of 1 ppm with a 50 s response time) (Tables 1 and 2). Page 15 (left column): On a similar note, cheap and biocompatible ZnO nanospheres with favorable electrical properties were doped with Mn (to increase the amount of surface defects) for effective sensing of gaseous NH3 (a DL of 20 ppm with a 4 s response time).134 (Table Presented) The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.