Speckle tracking can detect subclinical myocardial dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have shorter life expectancy and their risk of cardiovascular death is more than 50 % higher than the rest of the population. Early myocardial dysfunction in RA patients may be detectable sooner using speckle-tracking echocardiography. METHOD: Cross-sectional study enrolled 55 patients with RA (mean age 44.1 years) without known cardiovascular disease and 31 healthy controls. All subjects underwent a standard echocardiographic examination: indexed left ventricular mass, left ventricle ejection fraction, isovolumic contraction and relaxation times (IVCT and IVRT), mitral valve inflow curve (E/A), septal mitral annular motion (e'), and E/e' ratio as well as the speckle tracking assessment of left ventricle longitudinal, radial and circular strain and strain rate. RESULTS: In standard echocardiographic examination RA patients exhibited higher indexed left ventricle mass (96.36±20.90 g/m2 vs 95.84±21.86 %, p=0.013), lower ejection fraction (64.84±3.87 % vs 67.10±3.87 %, p=0.011) and prolonged IVCT (61.51±9.30 ms vs 53.71±8.95 ms, p=0.001). Diastolic dysfunction was demonstrated by prolonged IVRT (81.62±9.56 ms vs 74.58±12.02 ms, p=0.007) as well as by higher E/e' ratio (8.21±1.76 vs 7.21±1.52, p=0.009). Speckle-tracking method detected lower global longitudinal epicardial strain (-19.51 % vs -21.46 %, p=0.049). Radial, circular, and transversal strains and strain rates were same in both groups. Global longitudinal epicardial strain correlated with IVCT and IVRT, disease duration, and markers of myocardial damage NTproBNP. CONCLUSIONS: Standard echocardiographic assessment of myocardial function is examiner- and angle-dependent method with considerable limitations for evaluation of minimal subclinical changes. Speckle-tracking echocardiography significantly revealed incipient myocardial dysfunction in RA patients without overt cardiovascular diseases. This correlates with clinical RA characteristics and markers of cardiac damage.