Intravitreal dexamethasone implant as an alternative to systemic steroids as prophylaxis for uveitic cataract surgery: a randomized trial

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the utility of the dexamethasone implant (IVD) as an alternative to systemic steroids as prophylaxis against cystoid macular edema (CMO) in patients with chronic, recurrent CMO associated intermediate or posterior uveitis (IU/PU), and cataract undergoing cataract surgery. Methods: This was a randomized, parallel design, and clinical trial. Patients with IU/PU and cataract scheduled for cataract surgery were randomly assigned to receive the IVD concurrently with cataract surgery (Group 1: 20 patients) or systemic steroids (Group 2: 23 patients) tapered over 4–6 weeks along with uneventful cataract surgery and routine postoperative care. Patients with glaucoma/contraindications to steroids were excluded. All patients were followed up for 6 months. Outcome measure: Primary—incidence of postoperative CMO. Secondary—the change in BCVA (corrected distance visual acuity) and Central Subfield thickness (CST) and complications. Appropriate statistical analysis was done. Results: The median age was 47.3 ± 4.23 years (group 1) and 49.12 ± 5.32 years (Group 2). One patient (Group 1) and two (Group 2) developed CMO. The BCVA improved significantly in both groups (p = 0.013). The CST change was insignificant. Four patients (Group 1) required intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering medications. Three patients (Group 2) required early steroid taper. Conclusions: IVD is a good alternative as prophylaxis in IU/PU and cataract in preventing postoperative CMO.