Diagnostic imaging for global health: Implementation and optimization of radiology in the developing world

Abstract

Developing countries are facing both increasing prevalence of communicable diseases and a swift rise of noncommunicable diseases. Lack of preventive care, diagnosis, and access to adequate health services and health technologies are among the major factors contributing to this dual burden. In recent years, however, the world witnessed a major growth in the number and in the applications of medical imaging technology. These applications have contributed to increasing preventive measures and, as a result, a reduction in disease mortality in high-income countries. Low-income countries, on the other hand, have not benefitted from such technological developments due to a variety of factors, including persistent weaknesses in infrastructure; human resources, economical constraints, and culture also contribute as significant barriers. An overview of one set of health technology, diagnostic imaging, is presented in this chapter. The authors are offering their views based on current literature and personal experiences working to improve diagnostic imaging services in developing countries. A more widespread use of medical imaging would enable more targeted treatment plans that could ultimately reduce disease mortality while improving the quality of life in developing countries.