Monsoon Dynamics and Its Interactions with Ocean

Abstract

In this chapter, the basic concept of the monsoon is introduced, followed by the discussion of monsoon variability on the quasi-biennial and lower-frequency timescales. The mechanisms responsible for the tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) and the monsoon – warm ocean interaction – are discussed. Next, how the ENSO affects the monsoon variability over East Asia and South Asia and how the remote and local SST anomalies affect western Pacific circulation anomalies are discussed. Finally, the physical mechanisms responsible for the in-phase and out- of-phase relationships among the Indian monsoon, western North Pacific monsoon, and Australian monsoon are discussed.