The Effect of Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig Seed Extract Cream on the Number of Fibroblast and Re-Epithelialization in IIA Degree Burn Wound Healing

Abstract

Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig (XG) is a popular plant that grows in the mangrove forest of Bali. Flavonoids, saponins, phenolics and tannins are active metabolites of this plant, which have antiinflammation, antioxidant and wound healing effects. IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α are pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathophysiology of the wound. Flavonoids trigger increased wound contraction and reduced the period of re-epithelialization. Re-epithelialization plays a role in wound closure. Saponins increase fibroblast migration and proliferation as indicated by the amount of high cell density. Fibroblasts support granulation tissue synthesis, ECM production, and collagen synthesis, thereby accelerating wound healing. Tannins have antibacterial activity and increase the angiogenesis. Phenolics can stimulate wound contraction, migration of fibroblasts, and re-epithelialization processes in wound healing. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of XG extract seeds cream on burn wound grade IIA in mice. XG extract was evaluated for antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The wound healing activity of XG creams (10% and 15% concentration) were evaluated from wound contraction, histological analysis of fibroblast proliferation and re-epithelialization in mice. Statistical analyses were performed with post hoc Tukey using analysis of variance and were analyzed using SPSS, Version 26. XG extract has a very strong antioxidant activity (IC50=7.939 ppm). The treatment with XGC 15% promotes significant increases in wound contraction rate (74.91%), proliferation of fibroblasts (p value = 0.521) and re-epithelialization (p value = 0.521) with SSD. These results suggest that XGC 15% is effective in wound healing in mice by increasing the wound contraction rate, proliferation of fibroblasts and re-epithelialization.