DIALEKTIKA TOKOH-TOKOH FALSAFAH BARAT ZAMAN REVOLUSI SAINS MENGENAI SAINS DAN NILAI

  • Alias M
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Abstract

AbstractScientific Revolution which happened in Europe beginning from 17th to 18th century show the philosophers of science such as Francis Bacon and Immanuel Kant appeared with their ideas to strengthen the scientific methodology. Among the issues being debated is relevance of values towards science. However, different perspectives from these philosophers lead to the dialectic between science and values. This raises a question mark about their arguments and conclusions regarding the issue between science and values. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the outstanding philosophers of science whose involved in such debate from 17th to 18th century AD with their arguments. Next, the paper aims to analyze the relationship among these philosophers and their conception of science and values. Based on the content analysis method used, there are three important findings. First, Francis Bacon, the founder of Western scientific methods reject the practice of confounding superstitions and human biasness in scientific research. Second, there is a clear continuity between the thought of René Descartes, David Hume and Immanuel Kant’s dualism of science, but with different perspectives, i.e. mind-body dualism, fact-value dualism, phenomena-noumena dualism respectively. Third, the arguments of these philosophers of science, especially Kant implied in the concept of value-free scientific research for the following centuries. AbstrakRevolusi Sains yang berlaku di Eropah pada abad ke-17 hingga abad ke-18 Masihi menyaksikan tokoh-tokoh falsafah sains seperti Francis Bacon dan Immanuel Kant tampil bersama idea-idea mereka untuk memantapkan metodologi saintifik. Antara perkara yang dibahaskan ialah perkaitan sains dengan nilai. Walau bagaimanapun, perbezaan pandangan tokoh-tokoh ini membawa kepada dialektika tentang sains dan nilai. Hal ini menimbulkan tanda tanya mengenai hujah-hujah mereka dan kesimpulan yang dibuat berkenaan sains dengan nilai. Justeru, makalah ini ditulis dengan dua tujuan utama. Pertama, mengenal pasti konteks perbahasan sains dan nilai oleh tokoh-tokoh falsafah sains abad ke-17 hingga abad ke-18 yang terlibat. Kedua, menganalisis perkaitan antara pemikiran tokoh-tokoh tersebut berkenaan konsepsi mereka tentang hubungan sains dan nilai. Berdasarkan kaedah analisis kandungan yang digunakan, makalah ini mendapati tiga dapatan penting. Pertama, Francis Bacon selaku pengasas kaedah saintifik Barat menolak amalan campur aduk perkara khurafat dan berat sebelah dalam penyelidikan sains. Kedua, terdapat kesinambungan yang jelas di antara pemikiran René Descartes, David Hume dan Immanuel Kant mengenai dualisme ilmu, namun dari perspektif yang berbeza. Ketiga, hujah-hujah kesemua tokoh falsafah sains tersebut, khususnya Kant memberi implikasi kepada konsep bebas nilai dalam penyelidikan saintifik bagi abad-abad berikutnya.

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APA

Alias, M. S. (2016). DIALEKTIKA TOKOH-TOKOH FALSAFAH BARAT ZAMAN REVOLUSI SAINS MENGENAI SAINS DAN NILAI. UMRAN - International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies (EISSN: 2289-8204), 3(3). https://doi.org/10.11113/umran2016.3n3.89

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