Usefulness of carotid arterial strain values for evaluating the arteriosclerosis

Abstract

Aim: We investigated the clinical usefulness of carotid arterial strain and the strain rate for evaluating the progression of arteriosclerosis measured using a two-dimensional speckle-tracking method in carotid ultrasonography. Methods: We enrolled 259 participants (age: 64±12 years; men: 149; women: 110) in this retrospective analysis. The circumferential strain and the strain rate were measured in bilateral common carotid arteries, and the lowest values were used for the analyses. To assess the characteristics of strain and the strain rate, we investigated the associations between the strain values and gender, age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), and the presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. We also examined the explanatory factors for the strain values using clinical parameters along with the intima-media thickness (IMT), the ankle brachial index (ABI), and the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) as possible candidates. Finally, we investigated whether the strain values might be an independent predictor for vascular diseases using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: The carotid circumferential strain and the strain rate were significantly correlated with age, IMT, and the CAVI, but not with the BMI, BP, or ABI. Strain and the strain rates were lower in participants with hypertension or cerebrovascular disease and were selected as significant predictive factors for the presence of cerebrovascular diseases, together with diabetes and the CAVI. Conclusions: Strain and the strain rate of carotid arteries, which could represent local arterial stiffness, might be associated with atherosclerosis and could possibly be used to predict cerebrovascular disease.