Reduction potential of RuIII-based complexes with potential antitumor activity and thermodynamics of their hydrolysis reactions and interactions with possible biological targets: A theoretical investigation

Abstract

In this article density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations were employed to investigate the electrochemistry of the antitumor ruthenium complexes trans-tetrachloro(dimethylsulfoxide) imidazole ruthenate(III) (NAMI-A) and trans-[tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(III)] (KP1019), their hydrolysis products as well as their interactions with biological S-donors and N-donors targets as cysteine, glutathione and guanine nucleobase. The compounds exhibit different electrochemical behavior upon hydrolysis. While the reduction potential of NAMI-A increases up to 0.8 V upon hydrolysis, the reduction potential of KP1019 remains almost constant after the first hydrolysis. NAMI-A and KP1019 complexes have thermodynamic preference to be reduced prior to undergoing hydrolysis and, strong preference to undergo successive hydrolysis instead of interacting with the S-donor and N-donor ligands. Interaction with S-donor ligands in the unprotonated form is highly unfavorable, with the free energy in solution (ΔGsol) ≥ 18 kcal mol-1. For both complexes, the interaction with the guanine and glutathione are of the same magnitude (ΔGsol ca. –0.6 kcal mol-1) meaning that these ligands can compete for binding to the metallodrug.