Papain, a cysteine protease allergen with inherent adjuvant activity, induces potent IL-4 expression by T cells in the popliteal lymph nodes of mice following footpad immunization. In this study, we identify a novel, non-BCR–mediated capacity for B cells to rapidly bind and internalize papain. B cells subsequently regulate the adaptive immune response by enhancing ICOS expression on CD4+ T cells and amplifying Th2 and follicular helper T cell induction. Ab blockade of ICOS ligand, expressed by popliteal lymph node B cells, but not dendritic cells, at the peak of the response inhibits IL-4 responses in wild-type mice but not B cell–deficient mice. Thus, B cells play a critical role in amplifying adjuvant-dependent Th2 polarization following noncanonical acquisition and internalization of the cysteine protease papain.
CITATION STYLE
Dwyer, D. F., Woodruff, M. C., Carroll, M. C., Austen, K. F., & Gurish, M. F. (2014). B Cells Regulate CD4+ T Cell Responses to Papain following B Cell Receptor–Independent Papain Uptake. The Journal of Immunology, 193(2), 529–539. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1303247
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