Use of loss-of function (via antisense Morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs)) or over-expression of proteins in epithelial cells during early embryogenesis of Xenopus embryos, can be a powerful tool to understand how signaling molecules can affect developmental events. The techniques described here are useful for examining the roles of proteins in cell-cell adhesion, and planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling in cell movement. We describe how to target specific regions within the embryos by injecting an RNA encoding a tracer molecule along with RNA encoding your protein of interest or an antisense MO to knock-down a particular protein within a specific blastomere of the embryo. Effects on cell-cell adhesion, cell movement, and endogenous or exogenous protein localization can be assessed at later stages in specific targeted tissues using fluorescent microscopy and immunolocalization. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
CITATION STYLE
Lee, H. S., Sokol, S. Y., Moody, S. A., & Daar, I. O. (2012). Using 32-cell stage Xenopus embryos to probe PCP signaling. Methods in Molecular Biology, 839, 91–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-510-7_8
Mendeley helps you to discover research relevant for your work.