Towards More Inclusive Urban Governance

Abstract

This concluding chapter summarizes the main research findings and their relation to the broader discourse on urban governance in developing countries as discussed in the literature, plus their contribution to theory development and policy implications. This chapter revisits the main areas of inquiry and findings for each key theme, namely, (1) the types, processes and stakeholders that constitute formal urban governance in the provision of basic urban services; (2) who and how the stakeholders gain and benefit ‘on the ground’ from formal urban governance in basic urban service provision; and (3) how individuals, groups and communities who do not benefit directly from formal urban governance, organize and access governance to meet their basic urban service needs. What emerges is the fundamental role of urban governance in urban management and service provision and the reality that no ‘one size’ governance arrangement fits all. Most importantly, the melting pot of factors and variables influencing the effectiveness of governance reinforces the fundamental need for nuanced and contextual understanding of governance especially within informal settlements and, arguably, a better appreciation of who makes and shapes the wider city. Therefore, by better understanding, the workings of the city ‘as it is’ will hopefully result in better urban governance and outcomes for not just some, but all city residents.