A FRAMEWORK FOR THE ANALYSIS OF URBAN INNOVATION IN SMART CITIES: LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS

Abstract

The development of a smart city (SC) has always been accompanied by urban innovation (UI). UI mainly refers to the use of smart technology to promote urban development and also as a product of SC development. Smart technology can be used and developed by SC citizens. However, some research on UI in SC is conducted mainly from top-down technocratic perspectives or citizen participation. Therefore, this study proposes that the level of citizen-centric UI can be measured by using the Unified Smart City Model (USCM). With the use of the systematic literature review method, a search was conducted using keywords on three literature databases. Fifty-six indicators of UI were compiled as preliminary findings, with eight of them categorised as USCM indicators-smart architecture, smart governance, smart planning and management, smart data and knowledge, smart facilities, smart services, smart people and smart environment-to develop a citizen-centric framework. This framework will facilitate the analysis of the UI level of SC to enable city comparison and identify areas of weakness to assist in city managers' decision-making.