Behavior of Enzymatic Activity in Chilean Volcanic Soil and Their Interactions with Clay Fraction

Abstract

Volcanic soil, Andisols, and Ultisols comprise clays with physico-chemical differences, which is crucial for the immobilization of enzymes and their catalytic properties. The properties of volcanic soils related to enzyme immobilization are described. Specifically, the characteristics of allophane, the predominant clay in Andisols, and kaolinite, the most representative clay in Ultisols, are considered. The mechanisms by which enzymes are immobilized in Andisol and Ultisol clays are described, with particular emphasis on acid phosphatase. In addition, the values of enzyme activities in volcanic soil affected by management practices such as tillage system, application of herbicides, and manganese (Mn) and molybdenum (Mo) micronutrient application are reported.