Influence of the surface morphology on the cyclic deformation behavior of HSD® 600 steel

Abstract

The presented research work investigates the fatigue properties in the low cycle fatigue (LCF) regime of the high manganese metastable austenitic High Strength and Ductility (HSD®) 600 TWIP steel dependent on its surface morphology. The steel features, according to its chemical composition following the alloying concept Mn-Al-Si-C and heat treatment, a fully austenitic microstructure that shows deformation induced twinning at ambient temperature. Due to this microstructural deformation mechanism, HSD® 600 steel has an outstanding combination of strength and formability. Besides monotonic deformation behavior, characterized by tensile tests, cyclic deformation behavior was investigated with varying the surface morphology of fatigue specimens. In order to create different surface morphologies, flat fatigue specimens were excised from larger sheets by waterjet-cutting. Depending on the surface morphology, further climb milling or up-climb milling in the gauge length was performed. The three investigated morphologies (asreceived with rolling skin, climb milled and up-climb milled) differed in roughness, initial residual stresses and initial phase compositions. For all variants, total strain controlled fatigue tests with stepwise increasing load amplitudes as well as total strain controlled single step tests were performed in the low cycle fatigue regime with a load ratio of Rϵ = -1 and a frequency of f = 0.2 Hz. Beside stress-strain hystereses, the changes in temperature ΔT and the magnetic properties ξ were measured. The magnetic properties directly correlate with the transformation from paramagnetic γ-austenite to ferromagnetic α'-martensite. The cyclic deformation behavior of the HSD® 600 steel in the LCF regime was characterized by cyclic softening until fracture at low total strain amplitudes but changed with increasing total strain amplitudes into initial cyclic hardening followed by cyclic softening. This initial cyclic hardening became more pronounced when the total strain amplitude increased. Furthermore, single step tests at lower total strain amplitudes showed a saturation state before fracture. A comparison between the monotonic and cyclic deformation behavior showed a significant difference of the stress levels at the same amounts of plastic deformation respectively. Nevertheless, the different surface morphologies led to different lifetimes at high total strain amplitudes but to similar lifetimes at lower total strain amplitudes.