Role of melatonin in preterm birth

Abstract

Preterm babies are at major risk and it is the second-largest direct cause of child deaths in children aging less than 5 years. Melatonin, a naturally synthesized hormone secreted by the pineal gland, offers antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-apoptotic, and antibacterial activity. As preterm is multifactorial, several researchers have studied the role of melatonin in reducing the risk of preterm birth. In this review, the authors tried to study the role of melatonin in preterm birth. After a brief background of preterm birth and melatonin biosynthesis, we will discuss the role of melatonin in pregnancy. Furthermore, the role of melatonin in various preterm associated diseases such as respiratory and neural diseases will be addressed.