Aerosol synthesis and gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy of Ag-Bi-I nanosystems

Abstract

We report on the aerosol generation of ligand-free silver iodobismuthate (Ag-Bi-I) nanoparticles (NPs) and on in situ investigation of their electronic structure using synchrotron radiation soft X-ray aerosol photoelectron spectroscopy (XAPS). The structural and morphological characterizations revealed the aerosol to be composed of spherical rudorffite Ag3BiI6 particles, approximately 100 nm in size. The XAPS showed well-resolved signals from all expected elements (Ag, Bi, and I) and allowed estimation of the NP work function to be about 4.5 eV. The ionization energy of Ag3BiI6 NPs was determined to be 6.1 eV that is in good agreement with our calculations based on a hybrid functional approach. The presented method of production of Ag3BiI6 aerosol can prove beneficial for the future development of Ag-Bi-I-based photovoltaic materials, since it allows the deposition of Ag-Bi-I particles on large surface areas of arbitrary shape and roughness.