A Markovian queueing system for modeling a smart green base station

Abstract

We investigate a model to assess the performance of a base station (BS) fully powered by renewable energy sources. The BS is modeled as a three-queue system where two of them are coupled. One represents accumulated energy, the second is the data queue and the third one serves as a reserve energy queue. This smart BS is able to dynamically adjust its coverage area (thereby controlling the traffic intensity) and to generate signals to the reserve energy queue that trigger the movement of energy units to the main energy buffer. Given the randomness of renewable energy supply and the internal traffic intensity control, our queueing model is operated in a finite state random environment. Using the matrix analytic formalism we construct a five-dimensional Markovian model to study the performance of the BS. The stationary distribution of the system state is obtained and key performance metrics are calculated. A small numerical example illustrates the model and a simplified product-form approximation is proposed.