Regional and basin streamflow regimes and changes: Climate impact and human effect

Abstract

Many large northern rivers contribute significant amount of freshwater and energy from land to the Arctic Ocean. Due to climate warming and human effect, basin hydrology changed very significant over the past decades. This chapter reviews the research progress of regional flow regimes and changes, and the results of watershed hydrology analyses, including climate impact and influence of human activities, particularly dam regulation. This chapter is closely linked with other chapters of basin snow cover hydrology, and freshwater and heat fluxes into the Arctic Ocean.